From the Zambia National Legal Aid Policy 2018, which has progressive policies around accessing justice, including the formal recognition of community paralegals:
The Government of the Republic of Zambia has committed itself to enhancing equal access to justice particularly for the poor and vulnerable people, as part of its efforts to observe the rule of law and adhere to human rights, in line with the Seventh National Development Plan 2017-2021 and the National Vision 2030 of the Republic of Zambia.
Access to justice is generally understood as the ability of people to seek and obtain a remedy through formal or informal institutions of justice, and in conformity with human rights standards. It goes beyond mere access to institutions and covers the whole process leading from grievance to remedy.
Access to justice is a fundamental human right in itself and essential for the protection and promotion of all other civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. Without effective and affordable access to justice, people are denied the opportunity to claim their rights or challenge crimes, abuses or human rights violations committed against them.
Enhancement of access to justice necessitates effective provision of legal aid. Legal aid is understood as encompassing the provision to a person, group or community, by or at the instigation of state or non-state actors, of legal education, information, advice, assistance, representation and mechanisms for alternative dispute resolution. This understanding of legal aid has been recognised internationally through the United Nations Principles and Guidelines on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Justice Systems adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in December 2012.
The provision of legal aid in Zambia has been affected by the absence of a comprehensive national Legal Aid Policy and a corresponding implementation framework to guide the provision of legal aid services by all legal aid service providers, including non-state actors.
The Government of Zambia has endeavoured to remedy the current gaps in the provision of legal aid by adopting a national Legal Aid Policy (hereafter referred to as the “Legal Aid Policy”) supported by appropriate legislation and regulations, installing a comprehensive legal aid system that is accessible, effective, credible and sustainable. On this basis, the Legal Aid Policy establishes a renewed regulatory and implementation framework for the provision, administration, coordination, regulation and monitoring of legal aid in Zambia.
The efficient and effective delivery of legal aid services will in turn enhance equal access to justice for the poor and vulnerable people in Zambia, in line with Zambia’s national and international commitments.
The development of the Legal Aid Policy followed an inclusive approach based on extensive consultations involving institutions and stakeholders at provincial and national levels. The process was led by the Ministry of Justice and the Legal Aid Board (LAB). The participants in the consultations included Cabinet Office, ministries and other state institutions, offices of provincial ministers, the Law Association of Zambia (LAZ), universities and other higher educational institutions, and more than 25 Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). The process involved 15 workshops for the Technical Working Group and other consultations carried out between November 2016 and April 2018.
This policy document is divided into five chapters. Chapter One covers the introduction and outlines the concept of access to justice and the provision of legal aid as a means of enhancing access to justice. Chapter Two gives the situation analysis wherein the issues and obstacles that impede the effective and efficient delivery of legal aid services are identified. Chapter Three sets out the vision pursued by the Legal Aid Policy and gives the rationale and guiding principles on which the Legal Aid Policy is founded. Chapter Four specifies the objectives of the Legal Aid Policy and states the policy measures required to attain the set objectives. Chapter Five sets out the implementation framework outlining the mechanisms necessary for effective and efficient policy implementation.
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Last updated January 30, 2013.
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Last updated: April 26, 2024
Welcome to the grassrootsjusticenetwork.org website (the “Site”) and the Grassroots Justice Network Forum (the “Forum”) operated by Namati, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Namati”, “we”, “us” or “our”). We share your concern about the protection of your personal information online.
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| COOKIE NAME | PROVIDER | CATEGORY | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| wp_lang | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | necessary | |
| wordpress_test_cookie | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | necessary | Cookie set by WordPress to check if the cookies are enabled on the browser to provide appropriate user experience to the users |
| _gat | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | Used to monitor number of Google Analytics server requests when using Google Tag Manager |
| lidc | linkedin.com | advertisement | Used by the social networking service, LinkedIn, for tracking the use of embedded services. |
| __hssrc | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | Used to determine if a session is a new session |
| li_sugr | linkedin.com | analytics | Used to make a probabilistic match of a user's identity outside the Designated Countries |
| UserMatchHistory | linkedin.com | advertisement | These cookies are set by LinkedIn for advertising purposes, including: tracking visitors so that more relevant ads can be presented, allowing users to use the 'Apply with LinkedIn' or the 'Sign-in with LinkedIn' functions, collecting information about how visitors use the site, etc. |
| YSC | youtube.com | functionality | Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen. |
| _ga | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | ID used to identify users |
| bcookie | linkedin.com | advertisement | Used by LinkedIn to track the use of embedded services. |
| _ga_W3R156NSLL | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | Used to persist session state |
| IDE | doubleclick.net | advertisement | This cookie is used for targeting, analyzing and optimisation of ad campaigns in DoubleClick/Google Marketing Suite |
| __hs_do_not_track | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | necessary | Prevents the tracking code from sending any information to HubSpot |
| __cf_bm | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | necessary | Cloud flare's bot products identify and mitigate automated traffic to protect your site from bad bots. Cloudflare places the __cf_bm cookie on End User devices that access Customer sites that are protected by Bot Management or Bot Fight Mode. The __cf_bm cookie is necessary for the proper functioning of these bot solutions. |
| _gid | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | ID used to identify users for 24 hours after last activity |
| hubspotutk | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | Contains visitor's identity |
| __hstc | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | Analytics tracking cookie |
| __cf_bm | vimeo.com | necessary | Cloud flare's bot products identify and mitigate automated traffic to protect your site from bad bots. Cloudflare places the __cf_bm cookie on End User devices that access Customer sites that are protected by Bot Management or Bot Fight Mode. The __cf_bm cookie is necessary for the proper functioning of these bot solutions. |
| _gcl_au | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | advertisement | Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services. |
| bscookie | linkedin.com | advertisement | Used by LinkedIn to track the use of embedded services. |
| VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | youtube.com | advertisement | Tries to estimate the users' bandwidth on pages with integrated YouTube videos. |
| AnalyticsSyncHistory | linkedin.com | functionality | Used to store information about the time a sync with the lms_analytics cookie took place for users in the Designated Countries |
| __hssc | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | analytics | Analytics session cookie |
| vuid | vimeo.com | analytics | This first party cookie created by Vimeo is used to assign a Vimeo Analytics unique id. |
| __hs_cookie_cat_pref | grassrootsjusticenetwork.org | necessary | The HubSpot Cookie Banner's consent preferences cookie. |
| ar_debug | google-analytics.com | ||
| VISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATA | youtube.com | ||
| NID | google.com | necessary | This cookies is used to collect website statistics and track conversion rates and Google ad personalisation |
| cf_clearance | vimeo.com | ||
| __cf_bm | hsforms.com | necessary | Cloud flare's bot products identify and mitigate automated traffic to protect your site from bad bots. Cloudflare places the __cf_bm cookie on End User devices that access Customer sites that are protected by Bot Management or Bot Fight Mode. The __cf_bm cookie is necessary for the proper functioning of these bot solutions. |
| JSESSIONID | nr-data.net | functionality | JSESSIONID is a platform session cookie and is used by sites with JavaServer Pages (JSP). The cookie is used to maintain an anonymous user session by the server. |
| _cfuvid | vimeo.com | necessary | This cookie is used to apply rate limits to traffic. It allows the Cloudflare WAF to distinguish individual users who share the same IP address. |
Personal information you submit via your member account, other than information provided or content posted by you to public areas of the Site as described below, is deleted from Namati’s records following the deletion of your account. However, such information may continue to be retained by third-party service providers to which it has been disclosed for one of the reasons listed above. Any financial records will be kept in accordance with Namati’s data retention policy.
Your Information is stored on Digital Ocean servers in New York, USA. When you provide personal information to us, we request your consent to transfer that personal information to the USA. The USA does not have an adequacy decision from the European Commission, which means that the Commission has not determined that the laws of the USA provide adequate protection for personal information. Although the laws of the USA do not provide legal protection that is equivalent to the EU GDPR, we safeguard your personal information by treating it in accordance with this Policy. We take appropriate steps to protect your privacy and implement reasonable security measures to protect your personal information in storage. We use secure transmission methods to collect personal data through our website. We also enter into contracts with our data processors that require them to treat personal information in a manner that is consistent with this Policy.
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We reserve the right to disclose any information to comply with any law, regulation, decree, judgment, order, subpoena or any other governmental order (“Order”) without any obligation to contest or verify the accuracy of such Order.
This Policy will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to any principles of conflicts of law. You agree that any action at law or in equity that arises out of or relates to any use of the Site may be filed:
The section titles in this Policy are for convenience only and have no legal or contractual effect. The Site, the Forum, and any third-party services they use, may be subject to additional terms and conditions regarding privacy and use of information. Your use of the Site and the Forum is subject to those terms and conditions, which are incorporated into this Policy by reference. In the event of an inconsistency between this Policy and any additional posted conditions, the provisions of the additional conditions shall control.
We may need to change the Policy from time to time in order to address new issues and to reflect changes on the Site or in the law. We reserve the right to revise or make any changes to the Policy, and your continued use of the Site subsequent to any changes to this Policy will mean that you agree to and accept such changes. You can tell if the Policy has been updated by checking the last revised date posted on the top of this page. Historic versions can be obtained by contacting us at privacy@namati.org
You can access, remove, update or correct your information in your Site profile (https://grassrootsjusticenetwork.org/connect/member/YOUR USERNAME HERE/?edit=1) and your Forum profile (https://connect.grassrootsjustice.network/u/YOUR USERNAME HERE/preferences/account).
You can also access, remove, update or correct your information, and raise any questions or concerns regarding the Site or the Policy, by emailing privacy@namati.org, or mailing:
Namati Data Protection Officer 1616 P Street NW, Suite 101 Washington, DC 20036, USA
It is important that the personal data we hold about you is accurate and current. Please keep us informed if your personal data changes during your relationship with us.
You have the right to:
Request access to your personal data (commonly known as a “data subject access request”). This enables you to receive a copy of the personal data we hold about you and to check that we are lawfully processing it.
Request correction of the personal data that we hold about you. This enables you to have any incomplete or inaccurate data we hold about you corrected, though we may need to verify the accuracy of the new data you provide to us.
Request erasure of your personal data. This enables you to ask us to delete or remove personal data where there is no good reason for us continuing to process it. You also have the right to ask us to delete or remove your personal data where you have successfully exercised your right to object to processing (see below), where we may have processed your information unlawfully or where we are required to erase your personal data to comply with local law. Note, however, that we may not always be able to comply with your request of erasure for specific legal reasons which will be notified to you, if applicable, at the time of your request.
Object to processing of your personal data where we are relying on a legitimate interest (or those of a third party) and there is something about your particular situation which makes you want to object to processing on this ground as you feel it has an impact on your fundamental rights and freedoms. You also have the right to object where we are processing your personal data for direct marketing purposes. In some cases, we may demonstrate that we have compelling legitimate grounds to process your information which override your rights and freedoms.
Request restriction of processing of your personal data. This enables you to ask us to suspend the processing of your personal data in the following scenarios:
Request the transfer of your personal data to you or to a third party. We will provide to you, or a third party you have chosen, your personal data in a structured, commonly used, machine-readable format. Note that this right only applies to automated information which you initially provided consent for us to use or where we used the information to perform a contract with you.
Withdraw consent at any time where we are relying on consent to process your personal data. However, this will not affect the lawfulness of any processing carried out before you withdraw your consent. If you withdraw your consent, we may not be able to provide certain products or services to you. We will advise you if this is the case at the time you withdraw your consent.
You will not have to pay a fee to access your personal data (or to exercise any of the other rights). However, we may charge a reasonable fee if your request is clearly unfounded, repetitive or excessive. Alternatively, we could refuse to comply with your request in these circumstances.
We may need to request specific information from you to help us confirm your identity and ensure your right to access your personal data (or to exercise any of your other rights). This is a security measure to ensure that personal data is not disclosed to any person who has no right to receive it. We may also contact you to ask you for further information in relation to your request to speed up our response.
We try to respond to all legitimate requests within one month. Occasionally it could take us longer than a month if your request is particularly complex or you have made a number of requests. In this case, we will notify you and keep you updated.
If you live in an EEA Member State, all of which have adopted the EU GDPR and national , you have a right to lodge a complaint with your relevant supervisory authority about this policy and its application. The European Commission has a list of EU national data protection authorities here:
http://ec.europa.eu/justice/article-29/structure/dataprotectionauthorities/index_en.htm
If you live in the United Kingdom, you have a right to lodge a complaint with your relevant supervisory authority, the ICO, about this policy and its application:
https://ico.org.uk/make-a-complaint/