This report by Network member Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR) seeks to demonstrate improper mine closure in South Africa. The failures of mine closures despite formal processes creates environmental, economic, and social issues for mining-affected communities. Our engagements with activists, community organizations, and members of mining-affected communities in the process of creating this report have uncovered several clear reasons as to why ineffective mine closure has become a defining characteristic of the industry in South Africa: 1) lack of recognition of communities as stakeholders; 2) political power and influence of mining corporations; 3) lack of free, prior, and informed consent; and 4) poor planning and implementation of mine closures.