This report examines the content of six existing Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) in Ghana, the Republic of Congo, Cameroon,the Central African Republic, Indonesia and Liberia.
By describing the key elements of a VPA, and comparing the texts of the six agreements concluded to date, the report aims to clarify what VPAs are, how they work, and what differences exist between them. The paper makes recommendations for all those involved in the VPA process, including the need to focus on effective implementation and to expand the inclusive multi-stakeholder process to other commodities and processes.