This assessment represents an analysis of the current state of legal advocacy for Roma health rights in Macedonia, Romania, and Serbia. It aims to establish a point of reference and an evaluation framework, including impact assessment indicators, for a forthcoming impact assessment of this initiative. While reviewing the state of Roma health and human rights, the author researched the socioeconomic factors underlying poor health in Roma communities, as well as patterns of rights violations against Roma in health care settings. Given the lack of official statistics and other current quantitative data, this baseline assessment employs various sources—namely, interviews with regional NGOs, community surveys, and other information culled from OSF grantee reports and publications.